Kateřina Smékalová, Lucie Vokřínková
The theme of this paper deals with Brno music score library with its full name being “Carl Winiker's Musikalien-Leih-Anstalt”. Carl Winiker, who lent the name to the original bookstore in 1841 as well as the newly established music score library, was also the owner of a printing company. The music score library and bookstore became (following the previous owners) the longest operating bookstore in Moravia. For more than a century, Winiker´s company was one of the most important companies in Brno and it also gained its fame within the Austro-Hungarian Empire (D’ELVERT 1873, 108). For these reasons, the fact that this music institution has up to these days not been paid enough attention both by the Moravian Library (hereafter the MZK) - the current administrator of the Winiker´s fund, or by the expert public, is striking.
Evaluation of Winiker´s collection, rather unsystematically incorporated into a large Moravian Library´s (MZK) fund is due to a small extent of elaboration limited to the statement that the sheet music belonging to the music score library was allocated to the library in 1945 (formerly the State Scientific Library), as confiscated property of the German population, and forms the basis of today's music library of the MZK (TELEC 1968; TELEC 1969; TROJANOVÁ 1963; KUBÍČEK 1986). We can find scores of operas and symphonies, their piano arrangements, chamber music and recitative compositions for solo instruments (WINIKER 1874). During its heyday it owned approximately 100,000 non-duplicate music scores, as evidenced by our highest-ever-found catalogue number 98.856 on the original label of Winiker´s music score library, by which the music scores from this fund are usually marked.
Label of Winiker´s music score library. půjčovny, Moravian Library: Mus4-0325.029.
Mentions of Carl Winiker or his company cannot be found in encyclopaedias from that period (e.g. Otto's encyclopedia), musicological monographs both from that period (D’ELVERT 1854; D’ELVERT 1873) and contemporary ones (TYRRELL 2006; TYRRELL 2007), foreign music compendia (Riemann Musiklexikon, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart) or Czech compendia (Dictionary of Czech music culture, Music dictionary of Czechoslovak people and institutions). Marginally, the institution is only mentioned in some publications devoted to the development of printing press (VOIT 2008, 943; CHYBA 1966, 295). The original owners of the bookstore, Johann Thomas Trattner and Leopold Franz Haller were paid major attention, by which the development of the book trade in the late 18th century is directly documented (ŠIMEČEK 1981, 63-88; ŠIMEČEK 2007, ŠIMEČEK 2008; ŠIMEČEK 2011; PRAŽÁK 1933).
The history of a bookstore is a separate issue in the development of book trade in Brno. As early as in 1781, a bookstore Trattner'sche Buchhandlung was established in Brno, named afted the original owner Johann Thomas Trattner in Friedrichstrasse, today's 3 – 5 Masaryk str., and it remained in the same place until 1945. In 1792 the company was taken over by Leopold Haller and in 1833 it was taken over by L.W. Seydl & Comp. (also called Seidl & Braumüller).
In 1841 the bookstore got fully owned by Carl Winiker, who had been a co-owner of the company Seidl & Braumüller since 1835. Johann Heinrich Carl Winiker was born on 24th November 1807 in German town of Göttingen (TRAUTENBERG 1897, 86). He came from well situated family. His father, Georg August Winiker, was a lawyer in Göttinger, he was a brother of Georg Carl Winiker, a significant German doctor and scientist (TÜTKEN 2005, 614). Reasons of C. Winiker´s coming to Brno were not revealed so far. The first mention about his personality regarding Brno is connected to 1836, when he got married to Mathilda Ripka (4. 5. 1815– 11. 5. 1894) coming from Sokolnice. They have nine children (TÜTKEN 2005, 614). Their sons Friedrich Josef Heinrich and Herman Theodor continue in printing and a bookseller business after their father. Carl Winiker died on 6th November 1877. A mourning speech from his funeral on 8th November 1877 testifies about his respectability as a Brno´s citizen. A funeral was presented by a well-known evangelic priest Gustav Trautenberger, also probably from the reason, since Carl contributed to building Brno´s evangelic church called „Christuskirche“ (today´s Českobratrský evangelický chrám Jana Amose Komenského, also known as „Červený kostel“ near the Česká street) (TRAUTENBERG 1897, 4).
As late as under Carl Winiker, a music score library of sheet music was established in the same year and the name of Carl Winiker was used even after his death. In the year of its establishment, the fund contained over 10,000 units of sheet music and in 1890 it possessed more than 50,000 music prints (MARTINO 1990, 60). It is assumed that the number of prints was continually increasing.
Although this paper is primarily focused on the activities connected with a music score library, it is necessary to at least mention the printing a publishing company also bearing the name of Carl Winiker, Winiker'schen Buchdruckerei (in Radwitplatz, today´s Veveří str.), which was established in 1848. It should be noted that it was the printing company that contributed greatly to the development of printing press in the Margraviate of Moravia.
Between 1864 and 1866 there was a further re-organization of the company, it being divided into two branches - the bookstore connected with music score library and the printing and publishing company. The printing company was led by Carl's son, Friedrich Winiker. From the beginning of 1866, Friedrich took over the leadership of another company - Georg Gastl'sche Buchdruckerei - and from 1873 the printing company started to perform uniformly under the name of its co-owners Břeža, Winiker & Comp. After that the company was taken over by Friedrich himself and he decided to cooperate with Oscar Schickardt, the company thus changed its name again, and used the name k. u. k. Hofbuchdrucker Fr. Winiker und Schickardt. The benefit of Schickardt was primarily a new direction that he gave to the company, expanding the number of employees, and the printing company began to focus on mercantile press printing. In 1877, the printing and publishing company was highly awarded and continued to boast the title k.k. Hofdruckers. Another award, this time a state medal came on the occasion of the imperial jubilee exhibition in Brno in 1888 (HELLER 1890, 171). Especially in terms of importance of publishing activities for the whole territory of the Czech Lands, this company must not be completely overlooked. The nature and focus of prints were very diverse and vague as for the language point of view, which also reflects the ethnic composition of the population in Brno. The printing workshop published e.g. the first release of Sušil and Bartoš´s collections of folk songs, the official collection of maps of the Margraviate of Moravia by C. Schlenkl, German writings of Christian R. d'Elvert, etc.
The history of music score library compared with the history of the printing company is not so convoluted at first sight, it should be noted, however, that a detailed evaluation of sources, which would reveal more information, has not yet been performed. Shortly after the death of Carl Winiker, on 1st January 1878, the store and music score library were taken over (as well as a printing company awarded by k.k. Hof-Buch-, Kunst- und Musikalien-Handlug) by his son Hermann Winiker, along with Carl's son-in-law Josef Baliardi (HELLER 1890, 171). Continuously, in the same place, there was probably a music score library also during the first and second world war. In a second raid on Brno on the 20th November 1944, the building was heavily damaged and part of the collection burned.
After 1945, the property of Winiker’s music score library was confiscated and came over to the property of the MZK (former Provincial and University Library) and today it forms an essential part of the MZK´s music fund.
The authorization to confiscation of German libraries was published by “Národní výbor pro Velké Brno” on 18th May 1945 by fiat from 7th May 1945. Former Provincial and University Library was charged to seize the property of the German bookstores, libraries and of books from private flats.[1] This order bears namely on these bookstores and libraries: E. Mrnka (Česká str., 14), E. Wolf (Cejl, 48), F. Karafiát (Svobody Square, 8), R. Trill (Francouzská, 48/50), K. Winkler (Běhounská, 2), C. Winiker (Masaryk str., 3/5).[2] A preserved property was placed to the basement of the Provincial and University Library and work in process of these continues about twelve years. Gained music scores were taken by musicologist Karel Vetterl, who worked in library in years 1945 – 1953 (TROJANOVÁ 1963, 147).
Music scores of the Winiker’s collection were rather unsystematically incorporated into a Moravian Library´s (MZK) fund already since 1946, but the collection was not kept as a complex, but a single score was incorporated into coming production. Due to damages, which the collection suffered, we are not able to determine exact quantity of music scores that included former music score library. It is possible that a list of confiscated property existed. We can deduce this fact from the copy of request to the cultural department of the “Národní výbor pro Velké Brno” from 18th May 1945. A clerk Marie Steppanová wrote: “O pověření pro Winikra bych prosila hned, tam je právě inventura a úředník z finančního ředitelství ji žádá pro svůj úřad.“[3] We cannot suppose that this list survived and also that all the music material were taken over and incorporated into a fund. „Na svážení knih nebylo povozů, na práce nebyl dostatek pracovních sil a na odstranění škod nebylo materiálu. K tomu ještě přistoupilo, že musely býti rychle zabezpečeny soukromé knihovny z německého majetku.“[4] Situation was complicated, because duplicate units were divided to other libraries in 1946. It is possible that some of the duplicate units, similarly like as books from some others German music score libraries, which can be found in libraries in the Czech Republic.
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